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Last updated: Jan 9, 2011
Bavaria ( Bayern )
The House of Bavaria descended from the
ancient immediate Counts of Wittelsbach [10: Neue Folge; Band I.1;
t.90-114] [9: 1942: p.19].
In 1180, Otto of Wittelsbach (+1183) was
invested with the Duchy of Bavaria after the fall of Heinrich "the
Lion".
In 1214, Emperor Friederich II rewarded
Ludwig (+1231), Otto's son, with the Palatinate of the
Rhine.
Ludwig IV (+1347), Duke of Bavaria, who was
elected the King of the Romans, divided the possessions of his father with the
sons of Rudolf (+1317), his elder brother. Ludwig IV received Bavaria and
founded the branch of Bavaria (N.1); the sons of Rudolf received the Palatinate
of the Rhine (Rheinpfalz) and the Upper Palatinate (Oberpfalz) and
founded the Palatinate branch that had the Dignity of Prince-Elector of
the Holy Roman Empire.
Ludwig III (+1436), Elector-Count Palatine of the
Rhine, and Stephan (+1459), the sons of Ruprecht (+1410), the Roman King,
founded , respectively, the direct Electoral and Simmern branches.
The descendants of Elector Ludwig III ruled in
the Palatinate of the Rhine until their exctinction in 1559.
Friedrich I (+1480) and Ludwig I "the Black"
(+1489), the sons of Count Palatine Stephan of Simmern (+1459), founded,
respectively, the Simmern and Zweibrücken branches.
The branch of Friedrich I of Simmern inherited
the Palatinate of the Rhine with the Dignity of Prince-Elector in 1559, and
became extinct in the male line in 1685.
Philipp-Ludwig (+1614), Johann I (+1604) and Karl
(+1600), the sons of Wolfgang (+1569), Count Palatine in Zweibrücken,
founded, respectively, the Neuburg, Zweibrücken, and Birkenfeld branches.
The branch of Johann I of Zweibrücken
(+1604), which divided in several sub-branches, became extinct in the male line
in 1731 (N.2).
Notes:
1. Before 1623 the Counts Palatine of the Rhine
were Arch-Steward of the Holy Roman Empire. When the Duke of Bavaria replaced
the Count Palatine as Elector in 1623, he assumed the latter's office of
Arch-Steward. When the Count Palatine was granted a new electorate, he assumed
the position of Arch-Treasurer of the Empire. When the Duke of Bavaria was
banned in 1706, the Count Palatine returned to the office of Arch-Steward, and
in 1710 the Elector of Hanover was promoted to the post of Arch-Treasurer. After
the Duke of Bavaria's restoration in 1714, he resumed the office of
Arch-Steward, while the Count Palatine returned to the post of Arch-Treasurer.
The Electors of Hanover, however, continued to be styled Arch-Treasuers, though
the Count Palatines was the ones who actually exercised the office until 1777.
That year the branch of Bavaria became extinct, and its possessions and the
Arch-Stewardship passed to the branch of Palatinate.
2. In 1654, Karl-Gustav (+1660), Count Palatine
in Kleeburg and a grandson of Johann I of Zweibrücken (+1604), became King
of Sweden and Duke of Bremen, Verden and Pomerania. His granddaughter Queen
Ulrica-Eleonore abdicated in favor of her husband Friedrich of Hessen in
1720.
1. Palatinate-Neuburg-Sulzbach
+1799
Philipp-Ludwig (+1614), the eldest son of Count
Palatine Wolfgang of Zweibrücken (+1569), founded the Neuburg branch (N.1).
Wolfgand-Wilhelm (+1653) and August (+1632), the
sons of Count Palatine Philipp-Ludwig, founded, respectively, the direct Neuburg
and Sulzbach branches.
In 1609, Wolfgand-Wilhelm (+1653), became a
co-heir to the Duchies of Jülich, Berg, and Kleve, the Counties of the Mark
and Ravensberg, and the Lordship of Ravenstein.
In 1685, Philipp-Wilhelm (+1690), the eldest son
of Wolfgand-Wilhelm, inherited the Palatinate of the Rhine with the Dignity of
Prince-Elector. With the death of grandson Karl-Philipp in 1742, the direct
branch of Neuburg became extinct in the male line.
Philipp-Ludwig (+1614), a son of Count Palatine
Philipp-Ludwig of Neuburg (+1614), founded the Sulzbach
branch.
In 1743, Karl-Theodor (+1799), Count
Palatine in Sulzbach, inherited the Palatinate of the Rhine with the
Dignity of Prince-Elector, Neuburg, Jülich, Berg, etc.
In 1777, Karl-Theodor (+1799), Elector
& Count Palatine of the Rhine, inherited the lands of the Bavarian branch
(Bavaria, the Upper Palatinate, Leuchtenberg, etc.).
In 1799, with the death of Elector
Karl-Theodor, the branch of Sulzbach became extinct.
Notes:
1. Neuburg was a possession of the Dukes of
Bavaria-Landshut. After their extinction in 1505, Neuburg passed to the
Palatinate branch.
List of the Rulers
Karl-Theodor (1724-1799) [1733-1799]
// 1733-1742 : minor.; 1733 in Sulzbach; 1743
in the Palatinate of the Rhine, 1777 in Bavaria
Titles
1777-1799
Count-Palatine of the Rhine;
Duke in the Upper & Lower
Bavaria;
The HRE Prince-Elector;
Duke of Jülich, Kleve,
Berg;
Landgrave of Leuchtenberg;
Prince of Mörs,
Margrave of Bergen-op-Zoom;
Count of Valdenz, Sponheim, the Mark,
Ravensberg;
Lord of Ravenstein;
Voices in the Imperial Circle assemblies in
1789
Bavaria:
= The Secular Bench:
- Bavaria;
- Haag;
- Ehrenfels;
- Neuburg;
- Sulzbach;
- Leuchtenberg;
- Sülzburg & Pyrbaum;
- Hohenwaldeck;
- Breiteneck;
Swabia:
= The Bench of Counts &
Lords:
- Wiesensteig;
- Mindelheim;
The Electoral Rhine:
- the Palatinate of the Rhine;
The Lower Rhine & Westphalia:
- Jülich;
The Upper Rhine:
= The Bench of Secular
Princes:
- Palatinate-Simmern;
- Palatinate-Lautern;
- Veldenz & Lautereck;
Voices in the Imperial Assembly in 1789
Voices in the Council of
Electors:
- the Palatinate;
Individual voices in the Council of
Princes:
- Bavaria;
- Palatinate-Lautern;
- Palatinate-Simmern;
- Palatinate-Neuburg;
- Palatinate-Veldenz;
- Leuchtenberg;
Curial voices in the Council of Princes:
= the Counts of Swabia =
- Helfenstein;
Territorial Possessions in 1789 [7:
p.15-21]
The Imperial Circle of
Bavaria:
- Bavaria;
- the Upper Palatinate /
Oberpfalz;
- Haag;
- Ehrenfels / Staufenehrenfels;
- Neuburg;
- Sulzbach;
- Leuchtenberg;
- Sülzburg /
Obersülzburg;
- Pyrbaum;
- Hohenwaldeck;
- Breiteneck / Breitenegg;
The Imperial Circle of Swabia:
- Wiesensteig;
- Mindelheim
- Schwabegg;
The Imperial Circle of the Electoral
Rhine:
- the Palatinate of the Rhine /
Rhinpfalz;
The Imperial Circle of the Lower Rhine &
Westphalia:
- Jülich;
- Berg;
- Ravenstein;
The Imperial Circle of the Upper Rhine:
- Simmern;
- Lautern / Kaiserslautern;
- Veldenz & Lautereck
- % Sponheim / Spanheim;
The Knightly Circle of Franconia: [3:
Abtheilung I; Band II; p.243, 244]
- Duttenbach;
- % Gerstetten;
- Handschuchsheim;
The Knightly Circle of the Rhine: [3:
Abtheilung I; Band II; p.260, 267]
- % Boos;
- % Waldalgesheim;
Non-sovereign outside the Empire:
= under the Netherlands' Suzerainty
=
- Bergen-op-Zoom;
Territorial Acquisitions and Losses since
1789
- In 1794, the French armies occupied
Jülich, % the Palatinate of the Rhine, % Sponheim, Valdenz, Simmern,
Ravenstein, and other Palatinate lands on the left bank of the Rhine.
- In 1795, the Elector of Palatinate lost his
rights in Bergen-op-Zoom when the Batavian republic was established.
2. Bavaria
(Zweibrücken before
1799)
Karl (+1600), a son of Wolfgang (+1569), Count
Palatine in Zweibrücken, founded the branch that ruled in Birkenfeld.
In 1673, Catharina-Agatha of Ribeaupierre, the
wife of Count Palatine Christian II of Birkenfeld (+1699), succeeded in
Ribeaupierre, and other possessions of his father Johann-Jakob (+1673), the last
male representative of House of Ribeaupierre / Rappoltstein.
In
1731, the Count Palatine in Birkenfeld inherited
possessions of the extinct branch of Zweibrücken with its
voice in the Council of
Princes of the Imperial
Assembly.
In 1794, during the French revolutionary
wars, Karl II (+1795), Count Palatine in
Zweibrücken, lost
all of
his
Imperial immediate
territories.
In 1799,
his younger brother
Maximilian-Joseph (+1825)
inherited Bavaria, the Rhine Palatinate and other
the lands of the
extinct
branch of
Neuburg-Sulzbach
with the
Dignity of
Prince-Elector.
In Jan 1806,
Elector Maximilian-Joseph was declared King of Bavaria.
In July 1806,
Maximilian-Joseph became a sovereign ruler, when he left the Holy Roman
Empire and joined the Confederation of the Rhine as founding member.
In 1815, the King of
Bavaria joined the German Confederation.
In 1871, the
King of Bavaria joined the German Empire.
In the course of the
November Revolution of 1918, the King of Bavaria
was deposed.
Notes:
1. Johann-Karl
(+1704), a younger brother of Christian II (+1717), Count Palatine in Birkenfeld
& Bischweiler, founded
the branch
that received Gelnhausen as appanage. During the French revolutionary wars, the
branch of Gelnhausen lost its possessions. In Nov 1803 - Jan 1806, Wilhelm
(+1837), a Head of the branch, possessed the Duchy of Berg under the Bavarian
Territorial Supremacy (see Hauptappanagial-Rezess of
Nov 1803 [12: Band 2; p.907; Doc.# 2727])
. Wilhelm and
descendants
bore the title of Duke in
Bavaria.
2. Otto (+1867), the second son of King Ludwig I
of Bavaria, was Basileus / King of Greece in 1832-1862.
List of the Rulers
Karl II (1746-1795) [1775-1794]
Maximilian-Joseph (1756-1825) [1799-1825]
// 1778-1789 Count of Ribeaupierre; 1799 in
Bavaria [13: tome IV (1985); p.340]
Ludwig I (1786-1868) [1825-1848]
Maximilian II (1811-1864) [1848-1864]
Ludwig II (1845-1886) [1864-1886]
Otto (1848-1916) [1886-1913]
// Regents : 1886-1912 Luitpold of Bavaria
(+1912); 1912-1913 Ludwig III (+1921)
Ludwig III (1845-1921) [1913-1918]
Titles
>-1799
Count-Palatine of the Rhine;
Duke in Bavaria, of Jülich, Kleve,
Berg;
Prince of Mörs;
Count of Veldenz, Sponheim, the Mark, Ravensberg,
Ribeaupierre;
Lord of Ravenstein, Hohenack;
1799-1803
Count-Palatine of the Rhine;
Duke in the Upper & Lower
Bavaria;
The HRE Prince-Elector;
Duke of Jülich, Kleve,
Berg;
Landgrave of Leuchtenberg;
Prince of Mörs;
Margrave of Bergen-op-Zoom;
Count of Valdenz, Sponheim, the Mark, Ravensberg,
Ribeaupierre;
Lord of Ravenstein, Hohenack;
1803-Dec 1805
Duke in the Upper & Lower Bavaria, the Upper
Palatinate, Franconia, Kleve, Berg;
Prince of Bamberg, Würzburg, Augsburg,
Freising, Passau;
Prince & Lord of Kempten;
Landgrave of Leuchtenberg;
Princely Count of Mindelheim;
Count of the Mark, Ravensberg, Ottobeuren,
Helfenstein;
Lord of Ulm, Rothenburg, Nördlingen,
Schweinfurt, Wettenhausen, Roggenburg, Ursberg, Elchingen, Söflingen,
Irsee, Memmingen, Ravensburg, Wangen, Kaufbeuren, Buchhorn, Leutkirch,
Bopfingen;
The HRE & Arch-Count-Palatine &
Prince-Elector;
Jan 1806- July 1806
King of Bavaria;
The HRE Prince-Elector;
July 1806-1836
King of Bavaria;
1835-1918
King of Bavaria;
Count-Palatine of the Rhine;
Duke of Bavaria, Franconia, in
Swabia;
Voices in the Imperial Circle assemblies in
1789
The Upper Rhine:
= The Bench of Secular
Princes:
- Palatinate-Zweibrücken;
Voices in the Imperial Assembly in 1789
Individual voices in the Council of
Princes:
- Palatinate-Zweibrücken;
Territorial Possessions in 1789 [7:
p.21-22]
The Imperial Circle of the Upper Rhine:
- Zweibrücken;
- % Sponheim / Spanheim;
Non-sovereign outside the Empire:
= under the French Suzerainty =
- Ribeaupierre / Rappoltstein;
- Hohenack;
-
Bischweiler;
Voices in the Imperial Assembly in 1803
(Changes by the Final Recess of the Imperial
Deputation)
Voices in the Council of
Electors:
- Bavaria;
Individual voices in the Council of
Princes:
- the Upper Bavaria;
- the Lower Bavaria;
- Palatinate-Sulzbach;
- Palatinate-Neuburg;
- Bamberg;
- Berg;
- Würzburg;
- Augsburg;
- Freising;
- Passau;
- Kempten;
- Leuchtenberg;
- Mindelheim;
Territorial Acquisitions and Losses since
1789 [13: tome IV (1985); p.341-348]
- In 1789, the branch of the Counts Palatine of
Zweibrücken lost its feudal rights in Ribeaupierre and Hohenack (The lands
were confiscated in 1793).
- In 1794, the French armies occupied all
possessions of the Count-Palatine of Zweibrücken (Zweibrücken, %
Sponheim, etc.)
-
In 1799, the
Count-Palatine of
Zweibrücken inherited the
lands of the branch of
Neuburg-Sulzbach:
Bavaria, the Upper Palatinate, a portion of the Palatinate of the Rhine,
Neuburg, Sulzbach, Berg, Leuchtenberg, Mindelheim,
etc.
- In 1802, by
the
Treaty of
Paris, the
Elector of
Bavaria-Palatinate recognized the territorial losses of the Palatinate branches
of Neuburg and of Zweibrücken on the left bank of the
Rhine.
-
In 1803, by
the Final Recess of the Imperial
Deputation,
the Elector
of Bavaria
ceded the Palatinate of the Rhine on the right bank of the
Rhine, and acquired the territories of the former
Ecclesiastical Estates: Augsburg, Bamberg, Eichstätt, Freising,
Würzburg; % Passau, Waldsassen, Eberach, Irrsee, Wengen, Söflingen,
Elchingen, Ursberg, Roggenburg, Wettenhausen, Ottobeuren, Kaisersheim, St.
Ulrich, etc.; the former Imperial Cities of Rothenburg, Weissenburg, Windsheim,
Schweinfurt, Gochsheim, Sennfeld, Kempten, Kaufbeuren, Memmingen,
Dinkelsbühl, Nördlingen, Ulm, Bopfingen, Buchhorn, Wangen, Leutkirch,
Ravensburg, etc; and possessions
of Imperial Knights in Swabia and Franconia.
- In 1805, the
Elector of
Bavaria exchanged Tambach for Ortenburg with the Count of
Ortenburg
- In Dec 1805, by the Treaty of Pressburg, the
Elector of
Bavaria ceded Würzburg, and acquired Burgau, Eichstadt, % Passau, Tyrol,
Brixen, Trient / Trento, the Austrian possessions in Vorarlburg,
Hohenems, Rothenfels, Tettnang & Argen, Lindau.
- In Feb 1806, the King of Bavaria ceded Berg and
acquired Ansbach.
- In Apr 1806, the King of Bavaria mediatized the
lands of the Counts of Fugger: Glött, Elgau, Hilgartschberg, Oberndorf,
Kirchheim, Eppichhausen, Schmüchen, Türkenfeld, Dutenstein,
Diemingen,Wangenhof, Norndorf, Ehingen, Lauterbronn.
- In July 1806, by the Confederation of the Rhine
Act, the King of Bavaria ceded Wiesensteig to the King of Württemberg, and
mediatized Nuremberg, the County of Limpurg-Speckfeld, the lands of the Princes
of Hohenlohe (Schillingsfürst, Kirchberg, etc.), of Fugger-Babenhausen, of
Lobkowitz (Sternstein), of Öttingen, of Schwarzenberg (Schwarzenberg and
Seinsheim), of Thurn-Taxis (Eglingen, Demmingen, Trugenhofen, Duttenstein,
Dischingen, Neresheim, etc.), of Esterházy of Galántha
(Edelstetten); the Counts of Castell, of Ostein (Buxheim), of Schönborn
(Wiesentheid), of Sinzendorf-Ernstbrunn (Winterrieden), of Stadion
(Thannhausen);
- In 1810, the King of Bavaria ceded South Tyrol,
Leutkirch, etc., and acquired Bayreuth, Salzburg, Berchtesgaden, Regensburg, the
District of Inn, etc..
- In June 1814, by the first Treaty of Paris, the
King of Bavaria ceded Tyrol and Vorarlberg to Austria in exchange for the former
Grand Duchy of Würzburg.
- In 1815, by the
decisions of
the Congress of Vienna, the King of Bavaria ceded Salzburg, the District of Inn,
etc., and acquired Aschaffenburg, the Rhine Palatinate, etc.
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